Gecko-inspired Adhesives for the Display & Conservation of Cultural Heritage

The ability of geckos to adhere to surfaces using nano-scale structures on their feet, which rely on van der Waals secondary bonding forces, is a captivating example of nature's intricate mechanisms. The complexity of these tiny structures and their effectiveness in allowing the gecko to navigate almost any surface with ease raises intriguing scientific inquiries. Delving deeper into the specifics of how these nano-scale structures interact with surfaces through van der Waals forces could offer valuable insights into biomimicry and the development of novel adhesive technologies with potential applications across various industries. 

Prof. Jacek Olender’s research project aimed to create prototypes of gecko-inspired dry adhesives (GDAs) for short- and mid-term use in museum collections, particularly for transporting and exhibiting artworks. By closely studying the properties of surfaces of objects in museum collections and identifying factors that influence GDA adhesion, the research aimed to adapt the design of GDAs to expand their applicability in the museum context and improve the safety of the objects. This involved consultations with museum staff and the examination of objects from the collection, primarily focusing on ceramics and metallic objects, using various techniques such as microscopy, profilometry, and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). 

Through the course of the research, Prof. Jacek Olender and the team made significant strides in confirming assumptions and making new discoveries about GDAs and their interaction with surface roughness. They identified key factors in overcoming roughness interference with gecko adhesion and have solidified testing methodologies. Additionally, they developed a Finite Element Model (FEM) for the materials studied, which will significantly shorten future research into new designs for GDAs and allow for the incorporation of surface roughness into computer modeling. Furthermore, the team developed a system for small-scale 3D scanning, which was utilized to model 3D-printed sample holders optimized for GDAs. 

The wider impact of this research on society is substantial. The confirmed assumptions and new discoveries provide crucial evidence in discussions about the influence of factors such as roughness, surface energy, and electrostatic properties on gecko adhesion. This not only advances the understanding of fundamental scientific principles but also has practical implications. The development of the FEM and the small-scale 3D scanning system will not only benefit future researchers in advancing the design and application of GDAs but also contribute to the potential improvement of adhesive solutions for transporting and exhibiting artworks. This could have significant implications for industries such as heritage conservation, manufacturing, and materials science, potentially leading to advancements in adhesive technology.